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www.rockproducts.com ROCK products • March 2018 • 81 ECONOMICS $1.3 billion Farley Train Hall redevelop- ment in New York, and the $1.2 billion South Terminal C project (phase 1) at Orlando International Airport. The educational facilities category in 2017 increased 6 percent, as college and university construction starts jumped 20 percent after experiencing a 3 percent decline in the previous year. Large college and university projects that reached groundbreaking in 2017 included a $421 million research labo- ratory at the University of California in Merced, Calif., and a $327 million school of engineering and applied sciences at Harvard University in Allston, Mass. The K-12 portion of the educational facilities category rose 5 percent in 2017, a smaller gain than the 14 per- cent increase during 2016. The top five states for K-12 school construction in 2017, with their percent change from the previous year, were Texas, down 4 percent; New York, up 24 percent; Cal- ifornia, up 13 percent; Washington, up 43 percent; and Ohio, up 9 percent. Healthcare facilities in 2017 improved 1 percent, and included 43 projects valued each at $100 million or more, led by the $1.4 billion Penn Medicine Patient Pavilion in Philadelphia and a $550 million medical center in St. Louis. Additional gains were reported for religious buildings, up 13 percent, and public buildings, up 6 percent. The amusement-related category fell 6 percent in 2017 after a 28 percent jump in 2016. Several large amusement-re- lated projects reached groundbreaking in 2017, led by the $1.2 billion expansion of the Javits Convention Center in New York, the $1.1 billion retractable-roof baseball stadium for the Texas Rangers in Arlington, Texas, and the $562 million arena portion for the Golden State War- riors that's part of the $1.0 billion Chase Center complex in San Francisco. The commercial categories as a group slipped 3 percent in 2017, after surging 22 percent in 2016. Store construction and commercial garages registered the largest declines, with each falling 10 percent. Hotel construction dropped 5 percent, following a 28 percent jump in 2016 that included the $465 million hotel portion of the $1.7 billion Wynn Casino in the Boston area. There were still several large hotel projects that reached groundbreaking in 2017, such as the $575 million hotel portion of the $900 million Seminole Hard Rock Hotel expansion in Holly- wood, Fla., and the $342 million hotel portion of the $500 million Resorts World Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Office construction receded 2 percent in 2017 after registering a 29 percent gain in 2016. Large office projects that reached groundbreaking in 2017 included the $1.7 billion 50 Hudson Yards office building in New York, the $780 million office portion of the $1.3 billion Oceanwide Center complex in San Francisco, and the $750 million Facebook data center in Sandston, Va. Residential Building The 2017 amount for residential build- ing was $302.0 billion, a 2 percent gain that followed a 9 percent increase in 2016. Single-family housing maintained its moderate upward track, rising 8 per- cent, which matched its rate of growth in dollar terms for 2016. By geography, single-family housing in 2017 showed this pattern – the South Atlantic, up 12 percent; the South Cen- tral and West, each up 8 percent; the Midwest, up 5 percent; and the North- east, down 2 percent. Multifamily housing headed in the oppo- site direction, falling 12 percent after seven years of expansion. New York, the nation's leading multifamily market by dollar volume, registered a relatively modest 4 percent decline in 2017. However, the pullback for multifamily housing broadened on a geographic basis during 2017, as seven of the remaining nine metropolitan markets in the top 10 showed weaker activity, with only San Francisco and Atlanta report- ing gains. Rounding out the top five multifamily markets by the 2017 dollar volume, with their percent change from 2016, were Los Angeles, down 17 percent; Washington, D.C., down 23 per- cent; Chicago, down 24 percent; and San Francisco, up 3 percent. Multifamily markets ranked six through 10 included Boston, down 29 percent; Atlanta, up 26 percent; Miami, down 50 percent; Seattle, down 10 percent; and Dallas-Ft. Worth, down 26 percent. Nonbuilding Construction For the full-year 2017, nonbuilding construction dropped 2 percent to $173.2 billion. The nonbuilding decline was mostly the result of the 35 percent plunge for the electric utility/gas plant category, which continued to retreat after its most recent peak in 2015. Although the dollar amount for conventional power plant starts increased 6 percent in 2017, other power generation projects including solar and wind fell 49 percent, and the amount of gas plant construction starts was negligible by recent standards. The public works project types as a group grew 10 percent in 2017, with a large share of that increase coming from 35 percent growth for the miscellaneous public works category. If miscellaneous public works is excluded, the remaining public works categories together would be up only 1 percent in 2017. The miscellaneous public works category benefitted from an exceptionally strong amount of new pipeline projects, totaling $21.6 billion in 2017, and includ- ing such projects as the $4.2 billion Rover natural gas pipeline located mostly in Ohio and the $3.0 billion Atlantic Sunrise natural gas pipeline expansion located mostly in Pennsylvania. Rail mass transit construction starts, totaling $9.6 billion in 2017, also lifted the miscellaneous public works category. The environmental public works catego- ries registered decreased activity in 2017, with river/harbor development, down 2 percent; sewer construction, down 10 percent; and water supply construction, down 17 percent.